Congenital | Acquired |
Pierre Robin syndrome Treacher-Collins syndrome Goldenhar syndrome Mucopolysaccharidoses Achondroplasia Micrognathia Down syndrome Cretinism Beckwith syndrome | Morbid obesity Acromegaly Infections involving the airway (Ludwig's angina, epiglottitis, croup, retropharyngeal or intraoral abscess, papillomatosis) Rheumatoid arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Obstructive sleep apnea Tumors involving the airway Trauma or burns of face, head, or neck Radiation of face or neck |
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