Type 1 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | CFRD | |
Onset | Acute | Insidious | Insidious |
Peak age of onset | Children and adolescents | Adults | Childhood onward |
Autoantibodies (+)* | Yes | No | Rare |
Insulin secretion | Eventually absent | Decreased | Impaired first-phase insulin secretion leading to postprandial hyperglycemia |
Insulin sensitivity | Somewhat decreased | Severely decreased | Somewhat decreased¶ |
Treatment | Insulin | Diet, oral medications Insulin | Insulin |
Ketosis prone | Yes | Rarely | Rarely |
Microvascular complications | Yes | Yes | Yes (but fewer) |
Macrovascular complications | Yes | Yes | Rare (case reports)[1,2] |
Cause of death | Cardiovascular disease Nephropathy | Cardiovascular disease | Pulmonary disease |
CFRD: cystic fibrosis-related diabetes; GAD65: glutamic acid decarboxylase 65; IA2: tyrosine phosphatase; ZnT8: zinc transporter 8.
* Islet cell autoantibodies are characteristic of type 1 diabetes and include antibodies directed at insulin, GAD65, the 40K fragment of IA2, and/or ZnT8.
¶ Insulin sensitivity becomes severely decreased during acute illness.Modified from: O'Riordan SM, Robinson PD, Donaghue KC, Moran A. Management of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2009; 10:43. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00587.x/abstract. Copyright © 2009. Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons Inc. This image has been provided by or is owned by Wiley. Further permission is needed before it can be downloaded to PowerPoint, printed, shared or emailed. Please contact Wiley's permissions department either via email: permissions@wiley.com or use the RightsLink service by clicking on the 'Request Permission' link accompanying this article on Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com).
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