Schistosoma mansoni* | Schistosoma haematobium | Diagnostic use | Cost | Availability | |
Nonspecific tests | |||||
Fecal occult blood test[1] | + | – | Population screening | Low | Commercial |
Urine dipstick test for blood detection (heme)[2] | – | ++ | Population screening | Low | Commercial |
Serum eosinophil count (>500/mcgL)[3] | + / +++ | + / ++ | Recent infection (travelers) | Low | Commercial |
Specific tests | |||||
Serum antibody tests[4-6] | ++ / +++ | ++ / +++ | Diagnostic screening (travelers) | Low/medium | Commercial, reference lab |
Ova detection in urine (filtration method)[7,8] | – | + / ++ | Species determination, parasite load (treatment follow-up) | Medium | Simple lab procedure, microscopy |
Ova detection in stool (Kato-Katz)[7,9,10] | + | – | Species determination, parasite load (treatment follow-up) | Low | On-site test with microscopy, simple lab procedure |
Ova detection in stool (FLOTAC concentration)[9,10] | ++ | – | Species determination, parasite load (treatment follow-up) | Medium | Routine parasitology lab procedure |
Ova detection in rectal snips[11] | ++ | – / + | Species determination | Medium | Rectoscopy and microscopy |
Antigen (CAA, CCA) in urine[12-15] | ++ | ++ / +++ | Population screening, treatment follow-up | Low/medium | Commercial (point-of-care test), research tool |
Antigen (CAA,CCA) in serum[15-18] | +++ | +++ | Diagnosis of active disease (low endemic or nonendemic) | High | Research tool |
PCR in stool or urine (28S)[19-22] | +++ | +++ | Diagnosis of active disease, treatment follow-up (low endemic or nonendemic) | High | Reference lab |
PCR in serum (Sm1-7)[23-25] | +++ | + | Diagnosis (low endemic or nonendemic) | High | Research tool |
PCR in serum (Dra1)[22,26] | – | +++ | Diagnosis, species determination (low endemic or nonendemic) | High | Research tool |
CAA: circulating anodic antigen; CCA: circulating cathodic antigen; PCR: polymerase chain reaction.
* Assays for S. mansoni also work well for Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mekongi.Do you want to add Medilib to your home screen?