Consult a regional poison control center or clinician with expertise in treating bites caused by European snakes for medical therapy including indications for giving antivenom, specific antivenom to use, and dosing. | |||
Common name | Scientific name | Additional effects | Antivenom |
Snakes potentially causing paralysis | |||
Vipers (Levant viper) | Vipera species and Macrovipera lebetina | Local¶, coagulopathy, hemorrhage, hypotension, and acute kidney injury | Monovalent and polyvalent |
Long-nosed viper | Vipera ammodytes | Local¶ | Monovalent and polyvalent |
European viper, European adder | Vipera berus | Local¶ (predominant), tissue necrosis, coagulopathy; paralysis rare | Monovalent and polyvalent |
European asp | Vipera aspis | Local¶ (predominant), tissue necrosis, coagulopathy | Monovalent and polyvalent |
Snakes causing local tissue damage¶ and systemic illness without paralysis | |||
Central Asian pit viper | Gloydius intermedius | Hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, and coagulopathy | Polyvalent |
Halys pit viper | Gloydius halys | Hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, and coagulopathy | Monovalent and polyvalent |
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