Consult a regional poison control center or clinician with expertise in treating bites caused by Central or South American snakes for medical therapy including indications for giving antivenom, specific antivenom to use, and dosing. | |||
Common name | Scientific name | Additional effects | Antivenom |
Snakes causing paralysis | |||
Coral snakes | Micrurus species | Paralysis only typical; occasional cases with rhabdomyolysis | Monovalent |
Central and South American rattlesnakes | Crotalus species | Local¶ and acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, rhabdomyolysis | Monovalent and polyvalent |
Neotropical rattlesnake (cascabel) | Crotalus durissus | Local, coagulopathy, hemorrhage, rhabdomyolysis, and acute kidney injury | Monovalent and polyvalent |
Snakes causing local tissue damage¶ and systemic illness without paralysis | |||
Terciopelo, lancehead, Fer de Lance | Bothrops species | Tissue necrosis, coagulopathy, hemorrhage | Monovalent and polyvalent |
Brazilian lancehead | Bothrops jararaca, B. jararacusu, B. moojeni | Tissue necrosis, coagulopathy, hemorrhage, rhabdomyolysis, and acute kidney injury | Monovalent and polyvalent |
Palm pit vipers | Bothriechis species | Tissue necrosis | Polyvalent (specific antivenom not available for all species) |
Bushmaster | Lachesis muta | Tissue necrosis and coagulopathy | Monovalent and polyvalent |
Hog-nosed pit viper | Porthidium species | Tissue necrosis | Polyvalent |
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