Consult a regional poison control center or clinician with expertise in treating bites caused by Asian snakes for medical therapy including indications for giving antivenom, specific antivenom to use, and dosing. | ||||
Common name | Scientific name | Regional distribution | Additional effects | Antivenom |
Snakes causing paralysis | ||||
King cobra | Ophiophagus hannah | Southeast Asia | Local¶ | Monovalent and polyvalent |
Philippines cobra | Naja philippinensis | Southeast Asia | Uncommonly causes local necrosis | Monovalent |
Thai spitting cobra | Naja siamensis | Southeast Asia | Local¶ injury and tissue necrosis predominates | Monovalent and polyvalent |
Monocled cobra | Naja kaouthia | Southeast Asia | Local¶ and tissue necrosis | Monovalent and polyvalent |
Chinese cobra | Naja atra | Southeast Asia and China | Local swelling, necrosis possible | Monovalent |
Indian cobra | Naja naja | India | Local¶, necrosis common | Polyvalent |
Asian coral snakes | Calliophis and Maticora species | Southeast Asia | Paralysis only | No specific antivenom |
Kraits | Bungarus species | Southeast Asia, India, and China | Paralysis only typical, rhabdomyolysis for some species | Polyvalent (limited benefit) |
Death adder | Acanthophis species | Southeast Asia | Paralysis only typical , mild anticoagulant coagulopathy for Papua New Guinea species | Monovalent and polyvalent |
Russell's viper | Daboia russelii | Southeast Asia and India | Local¶, coagulopathy, tissue necrosis, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and paralysis | Polyvalent |
Viper, Adders | Vipera and Macrovipera species | Asia | Local¶, coagulopathy, hypotension, and acute kidney injury | Monovalent for some but not all species |
Long nosed viper | Vipera ammodytes | Asia | Local¶ | Monovalent and polyvalent |
Sea snakes | Numerous genera and species | Indo-Pacific oceans | Rhabdomyolysis, secondary kidney failure | Monovalent |
Snakes causing local tissue damage¶ and systemic illness without paralysis | ||||
Green tree pit viper | Trimeresurus (note also listed as following genera in some publications: Popeia, Crypteletrops, Viridovipera, Himalayophis, Parias, Peltopelor, Garthius and some spp. transferred to other genera, Protobothrops, Ovophis) species | SE Asia, China, India, and Japan | Hemorrhage and coagulopathy (wide variation in severity, mix of clinical effects, depending upon species) | Specific antivenom available for several species (T. albolabris, T. flavoviridis, T. mucrosquamatus) |
Carpet or saw scaled vipers | Echis species | Asia and India | Hemorrhage, coagulopathy, tissue necrosis, and acute kidney injury | Polyvalent |
Asian pit vipers | Gloydius species | Asia, China, and Japan | Hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, and coagulopathy | Species dependent:
|
Malayan pit viper | Calloselasma rhodostoma | Southeast Asia | Hemorrhage, coagulopathy, tissue necrosis, and acute kidney injury | Monovalent and polyvalent |
Hundred pace viper, sharp-nosed viper | Deinagkistrodon acutus | China | Hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, and coagulopathy | Monovalent |
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