Millimoles/liter | Comment | |||||
Na+ | K+ | Cl– | HCO3– | Carbohydrate | ||
Electrolyte losses in stools | ||||||
Cholera stool, adult | 130 | 20 | 100 | 45 | -- | Stool sodium losses in cholera are higher than in other diarrheal illnesses. |
Cholera stool, child | 100 | 30 | 90 | 30 | -- | |
Non-cholera stool, child (ETEC) | 50 | 35 | 25 | 20 | -- | |
Intravenous therapy | ||||||
Lactated Ringer's solution | 130 | 4 | 109 | 28 | -- | Lactated Ringer's (LR) solution is preferred over normal saline because it contains potassium and bicarbonate. 'Dhaka solution' contains more potassium and bicarbonate than LR, and also contains dextrose. |
Normal saline | 154 | 0 | 154 | 0 | -- | |
Cholera saline (Dhaka solution) | 133 | 13 | 154 | 48 | 140 | |
Oral rehydration therapy | ||||||
ORS (WHO 2002) | 75 | 20 | 65 | 10 (citrate) | 75 (glucose) | WHO ORS utilizes glucose as a carbohydrate source. Rice based ORS formulation have been found in randomized trials to reduce the duration of diarrhea and stool losses in severe cholera. A homemade preparation of ORS could be used in an emergency scenario. |
Rice based ORS (eg, CeraORS 75®) | 75 | 20 | 65 | 10 (citrate) | 27 grams rice syrup solids | |
Homemade ORS:
| ~75 | 0 | ~75 | 0 | ~75 |
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