Agent | Molecular target(s) | Patients* | Objective tumor response rate (%) | Median TTP or PFS | Reference |
VEGF pathway inhibitors | |||||
Phase II studies | |||||
Bevacizumab | VEGF | 22 | 18¶ | 66 weeks | Yao JC; 2008[1] |
Sunitinib | VEGFR-1, -2, -3; PDGFR-alpha, -beta; KIT; RET; CSF-1R; FLT3 | 41 | 2 | 10.2 months (TTP) | Kulke MH; 2008[2] |
Sorafenib | VEGFR-2, PDGFR, FGFR-1, BRAF | 50 | 7Δ | 7.8 months | Hobday TJ; 2007[3] |
Pazopanib | VEGFR-1, -2, -3; PDGFR-alpha, -beta; KIT | 22 | 0 | 12.7 months | Phan AT; 2015[4] |
15 (GI tract) | 9 | 10 months | Grande E; 2015[5] | ||
7 (lung, thymus) | 3.4 months | ||||
Cabozantinib | VEGFR-2, MET, RET, AXL | 41 | 15 | 31.4 months | Chan J; 2017[6] |
Lenvatinib | VEGFR-1, -2, -3; FGFR-1, -2, -3, -4 | 56 (GI tract) | 16 | 15.7 months | Capdevila J; 2021 (TALENT)[7] |
Randomized trials | |||||
Octreotide + bevacizumab | VEGF | 214 | 12 | 16.6 months (PFS) | Yao JC; 2017 (SWOG S-0518)[8] |
versus | |||||
Octreotide + interferon | 213 | 4 | 15.4 months | ||
Pazopanib | VEGFR-1, -2, -3; PDGFR-alpha, -beta; KIT | 97 | 2 | 11.6 months | Bergsland EK; 2019 (ALLIANCE A021202)[9] |
versus | |||||
Placebo | 74 | 0 | 8.5 months | ||
Surufatinib | VEGF-1,2,3; FGFR-1 | 129 | 10 | 9.2 months | Xu J; 2020 (SANET-ep)[10] |
versus | |||||
Placebo | 69 | 0 | 3.8 months | ||
mTOR inhibitors | |||||
Phase II studies | |||||
Everolimus | mTOR | 30 | 17 | 63 weeks | Yao JC; 2008[11] |
Temsirolimus | mTOR | 21 | 5 | 6 months | Duran I; 2006[12] |
Randomized trials | |||||
Everolimus + octreotide LAR | 216 | 2 | 16.4 months | Pavel ME; 2011 (RADIANT2)[13] | |
versus | |||||
Placebo + octreotide LAR | 213 | 2 | 11.3 months | ||
Everolimus + BSC | 205 | 2 | 11.0 months | Yao JC; 2016 (RADIANT4)◊[14] | |
versus | |||||
Placebo + BSC | 97 | 1 | 3.9 months |
TTP: time to tumor progression; PFS: progression-free survival; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; PDGFR: platelet-derived growth factor receptor; KIT: stem cell factor receptor; RET: rearranged during transfection or glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor; CSF-1R: colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor; FLT3: fms-like tyrosine kinase 3; FGFR: fibroblast growth factor receptor; GI: gastrointestinal; SWOG: Southwest Oncology Group; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; LAR: long-acting release; BSC: best supportive care.
* Number of patients evaluable for efficacy endpoints.
¶ Patients also received treatment with octreotide.
Δ Confirmed.
◊ All patients had nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumors of the lung or GI origin.Do you want to add Medilib to your home screen?