AA: arachidonic acid; ALA: alpha-linolenic acid; DGLA: dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; DPA: docosapentaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; ETA: eicosatetraenoic acid; GLA: gamma-linolenic acid; LA: linolenic acid; PGs: prostaglandins; SA: stearidonic acid.
* Antenatal corticosteroid therapy and insufficient postnatal protein both tend to downregulate delta-6-desaturase and reduce conversion of LA to ALA, based on limited data from animal experiments, as summarized in the Valentine 2012 reference below.
Adapted with permission from: Valentine CJ. Maternal dietary DHA supplementation to improve inflammatory outcomes in the preterm infant. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal (2012; 3:370-6). Copyright © 2012 American Society for Nutrition.