Cephalopelvic disproportion in osteomalacia: Radiographic findings

Historical radiograph of a pregnant patient with osteomalacia secondary to lack of exposure to sunlight and dietary causes resulting in cephalopelvic disproportion. Examination of the pelvis shows distortion of the iliopubic regions (arrows) with narrowing of the pelvic outlet. The fetal head (arrowhead) is deep in the pelvis and appears too large for the pelvic outlet. The fetal spine is seen to the patient's right (dashed arrow).