Erythrocyte transfusion (passive) |
Delayed clamping of the umbilical cord |
Uncontrolled or precipitous delivery |
Intrapartum hypoxia |
Twin-twin transfusion (occurs in 10 to 15% of monochorionic twin pregnancies) |
Maternal-fetal transfusion (rare) |
Increased intrauterine erythropoiesis (active) |
Placental insufficiency
|
Maternal hypoxemia due to cardiac or pulmonary disorders
|
Infant risk factors
|
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