Aristolochic acid nephropathy | Analgesic nephropathy | ||
Chinese herb nephropathy | Balkan endemic nephropathy | ||
Etiology | Aristolochic acid | Analgesics + addictive substances | |
Progression to ESRD | 6 months to 2 years | >20 years | >10 to 15 years |
Kidney imaging |
Shrunken Irregular contours No calcifications |
Shrunken Smooth surface No calcifications |
Shrunken Irregular contours Papillary necrosis-calcifications |
Histology | |||
Cellular infiltration | + | + | ++ |
Fibrosis | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Atrophy | ++ | +++ | ++ |
Capillarosclerosis | + | + | + |
Apoptosis | ++ | ++ | ? |
Urothelial malignancies |
+ Upper tract |
+ Upper tract |
+ (*) |
Familial occurrence | - | + | - |
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