Chemical | Paraprotein type described | Effect | Mechanism |
Sodium | IgG, IgM, IgA | Hyponatremia | Water exclusion effect* |
Chloride | IgG | Hypochloridemia | Water exclusion effect |
CO2 | IgG, IgM | Hypobicarbonatemia | Interaction between paraprotein and assay reagent |
Blood urea nitrogen | IgM | Low urea levels | Paraprotein coats electrodes and interferes with ionic conductance |
Creatinine | IgG | Low creatinine levels | Precipitation¶ |
Creatinine | IgM | High creatinine levels | Interaction between paraprotein and assay reagent |
Calcium | IgA, IgM | Hypercalcemia | Precipitation |
Phosphate | IgG, IgM, IgA | Hyperphosphatemia | Precipitation in acid pH |
Phosphate | IgG | Hypophosphatemia | Precipitation |
Albumin | IgM | Hypoalbuminemia | Slowing of reaction |
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