Species | Larval form in humans | Cyst components | Cyst growth |
E. granulosus | Cystic, unilocular, expansile | Metacestode has an internal germinative layer (endocyst) surrounded by a parasite-derived acellular laminated layer (exocyst), which in turn is surrounded by a host-derived adventitial layer (pericyst). | Cells bud internally within the cystic cavity, then vacuolate and become "brood" capsules. Protoscolices develop within the brood capsules. |
E. multilocularis | Multilocular, infiltrative | Very thin laminated layer only and no pericyst, which enables tissue invasion. | Germinative layer of the metacestode proliferates within cyst and exogenously to infiltrate host tissue. Cells from the germinative layer can detach and metastasize to other organs. |
E. vogeli and E. oligarthrus | Polycystic, expansile | Large cysts with multiple vesicles are separated by septa lined by germinative epithelium. Externally, the cyst is surrounded by fibrous tissue. | Brood capsules bud internally from the germinative epithelium. An expansile and infiltrative polycystic metacestode mass develops. |
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