With anion gap metabolic acidosis |
Major causes of a large osmolal gap |
- Ethylene glycol ingestion
- Methanol ingestion
- Propylene glycol infusion
|
Causes of a smaller osmolal gap |
- Severe chronic kidney disease without regular dialysis
- Ketoacidosis (diabetic or alcoholic)
- Lactic acidosis
- Paraldehyde ingestion or injection
|
Without anion gap metabolic acidosis |
- Ethanol
- Isopropanol
- Diethyl ether
- Infusion of mannitol, sorbitol, or glycine
- Pseudohyponatremia (severe hyperlipidemia or hyperproteinemia)
|