Parameter | Pattern | ||
Restrictive | Obstructive | Combined | |
Lung volumes | |||
Total lung capacity (TLC) | ↓ | Normal or ↑ | ↓ |
Vital capacity | ↓ | Normal or ↓ | ↓ |
Residual volume (RV) | Normal or ↓ | Normal or ↑ | Normal or ↑ |
RV/TLC ratio | Normal or ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
Maximal expiratory flow rates | |||
FEV1 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
FEV1:FVC | Normal | ↓ | ↓ |
FEF 25% to 75% | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
Peak expiratory flow | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
Flow-volume curve | ↓ Volume | ↓ Flows | ↓ Flows and volume |
Bronchodilator response | None | ↑ Flows | Normal or ↑ flows |
Gas exchange | |||
DLCO | Normal or ↓ | Normal or ↑ | Normal, ↑, or ↓ |
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