Noncholinergic neurotransmitters

Noncholinergic neurotransmitters are localized to nerve fibers and neurons of human airway parasympathetic ganglia. In addition to acetylcholine, many noncholinergic neurotransmitters have been localized to nerves and ganglia neurons of the human airways. In this ganglion, nerve fibers stain for substance P while a subset of the ganglia neurons stain for nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Photomicrographs in panels B and D (1000x) are higher magnification of ganglia depicted in panels A and C (400x), respectively. Calibration bars: 50 µm in panels A and C, 20 µm in panels B and D.