Class | Mechanism | Examples |
Neuroleptics | Dopamine receptor blockade in lower brainstem (chemoreceptor trigger zone) |
|
Prokinetic drugs | Peripheral effects to increase peristalsis; metaclopramide also has central dopamine antagonist |
|
5-HT3 receptor antagonists | Block serotonin receptor (chronic use may cause constipation) |
|
Anticholinergic drugs | Block acetylcholine release in lower brainstem |
|
Antihistamines | Block histamine receptors in lower brainstem |
|
Corticosteroids | Multiple effects |
|
Benzodiazepines | Reduce anxiety; direct effect on lower brainstem |
|
Cannabinoids | Binds to cannabinoid receptors to exert direct effect in the lower brainstem |
|
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