Absolute contraindications |
- Acute myocardial infarction (within 2 days)
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- Uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia with hemodynamic compromise
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- Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
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- Decompensated heart failure
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- Acute pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction, or deep vein thrombosis
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- Acute myocarditis or pericarditis
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- Physical disability that precludes safe and adequate testing
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Relative contraindications* |
- Known obstructive left main coronary artery stenosis
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- Moderate to severe aortic stenosis with uncertain relation to symptoms
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- Tachyarrhythmias with uncontrolled ventricular rates
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- Acquired advanced or complete heart block
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- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with severe resting gradient
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- Recent stroke or transient ischemic attack
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- Mental impairment with limited ability to cooperate
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- Resting hypertension with systolic or diastolic blood pressures >200/110 mmHg
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- Uncorrected medical conditions, such as significant anemia, important electrolyte imbalance, and hyperthyroidism
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