Tasks | Early, 10 to 14 years | Middle, 15 to 17 years | Late, 18 and older |
Physical | Initiation of puberty; preoccupation with appearance; potential to reproduce | Completing puberty | Physical reproductive maturity |
Cognitive | Concrete thinking | Increasing ability for abstract reasoning; risk-consequence deficits | Abstract reasoning; understands risk-consequence |
Emotional | Egocentric | Developing sense of identity; risk-taking and experimentation | Intimacy as basis for sexual relationships; empathy and connectedness with others |
Social | Reliance on family/parents; same-sex peer relationships and few romantic relationships | Peer influence, sexual exploration; differentiating from family | Exploring new mature role in family, romantic relationships, social networks, and workplace |
Sexual | "Crushes"; beginning sexual experimentation | Exploration and experimentation; intense romantic relationships; serial monogamy | Mature acceptance and enjoyment of sexual self; good communication and decision-making skills regarding sex |
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