Vasculitis | Principal features | Estimated frequency of cardiac/pericardial involvement (%) | Type of cardiac/pericardial involvement |
Takayasu arteritis | Chronic inflammatory and obliterative disease of the aorta and its major branches | Cardiac: rare | Fibrosis, narrowing and aneurysm of the aorta, its branches, and pulmonary arteries |
Pericardial: rare (case reports) | |||
Giant cell arteritis | Vasculitis that affects large and medium-sized blood vessels (especially cranial arteries branching from the carotid artery) | Cardiac: <10 | Aneurysm, coronary arteritis, myocardial infarction |
Pericardial: rare (case reports) | Pericarditis, pericardial effusion | ||
Polyarteritis nodosa | Necrotizing arteritis involving medium-sized and small-sized arteries with inflammation and ischemia of affected organs | Cardiac: <50 | Hypertension (renal vasculitis), aneurysm, and myocardial infarction |
Pericardial: rare (case reports, limited series) | Pericarditis | ||
Kawasaki disease | Systemic necrotizing medium-sized vessel vasculitis mainly affecting blood vessels, skin, mucous membranes, and lymph nodes | Cardiac: 30 | Coronary arteritis and aneurysm, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, heart failure |
Pericardial: 30 | Pericardial effusion, pericarditis | ||
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) | Systemic necrotizing vasculitis affecting small-sized to medium-sized vessels, characterized by asthma, hypereosinophilia, and eosinophil-rich granulomatous inflammation of the respiratory tract | Cardiac: >50 | Eosinophilic endomyocarditis, heart failure, conduction system disease |
Pericardial: 25 to 50 | Pericarditis, pericardial effusion | ||
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis | Necrotizing vasculitis that mainly affects arteries in the respiratory tract and kidneys | Cardiac: 10 to 40 | Coronary arteritis, valve lesions, conduction system disease, aortic aneurysm |
Pericardial: <10 | Pericarditis, pericardial effusion | ||
Behçet syndrome | Systemic necrotizing vasculitis involving small-, medium-, and large-sized vessels, characterized by recurrent aphthous stomatitis, genital ulcerations, and uveitis | Cardiac: <10 | Endocarditis, aortic regurgitation, intracardiac thrombosis, myocardial infarction, endomyocardial fibrosis, myocardial aneurysm |
Pericardial: ≤10 | Pericarditis |
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