System | Symptoms |
Cardiovascular | - Sinus tachycardia
- Postural tachycardia
- Bradycardia, fixed heart rate (more advanced disease)
- Systolic and diastolic dysfunction
- Decreased exercise tolerance
- Orthostatic hypotension with supine (nocturnal) hypertension
- Cardiac denervation syndrome
- Intraoperative and perioperative cardiovascular instability
|
Gastrointestinal | - Esophageal dysmotility
- Gastroparesis
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Fecal incontinence
|
Genitourinary | - Erectile dysfunction
- Retrograde ejaculation
- Neurogenic bladder and cystopathy
- Female sexual dysfunction (eg, loss of vaginal lubrication)
|
Sudomotor and vasomotor | - Anhidrosis
- Hyperhidrosis
- Heat intolerance
- Gustatory sweating
- Dry skin
- Decreased thermoregulation
- Altered blood flow
- Impaired vasomotion
- Edema
|
Pupillary | - Pupillomotor function impairment (eg, decreased diameter of dark adapted pupil)
- Pseudo Argyll-Robertson pupil
|
Metabolic | - Hypoglycemia unawareness
- Hypoglycemia unresponsiveness (delayed epinephrine secretion, reduced glucagon secretion)
|
Other | - Sleep apnea
- Anxiety/depression
|