- Physiologic myoclonus
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- Sleep jerks (eg, hypnic jerks)
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- Anxiety-induced
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- Exercise-induced
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- Hiccough (singultus)
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- Benign infantile myoclonus with feeding
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- Essential myoclonus (primary symptom, nonprogressive history)
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- Hereditary (autosomal dominant)
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- Sporadic
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- Epileptic myoclonus (associated with a chronic seizure disorder or syndrome)
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- Fragments of epilepsy
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- Isolated epileptic myoclonic jerks
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- Epilepsia partialis continua
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- Idiopathic stimulus-sensitive myoclonus
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- Photosensitive myoclonus
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- Absences with a minor myoclonic component
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- Epilepsy with myoclonic absences
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- Childhood myoclonic epilepsy
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- Infantile spasms (West syndrome)
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- Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (Dravet syndrome)
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- Benign myoclonic epilepsy of infancy
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- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
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- Myoclonic astatic epilepsy (Doose syndrome)
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- Cryptogenic myoclonus epilepsy (Aicardi)
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- Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (Janz syndrome)
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- Familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy
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- Autosomal dominant cortical myoclonus and epilepsy
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- Benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy
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- Cortical tremor
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- Familial adult myoclonic epilepsy
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- Familial cortical myoclonic tremor
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- Familial cortical tremor with epilepsy
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- Familial essential myoclonus and epilepsy
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- Familial rhythmic cortical myoclonus (tremor) with epilepsy
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- Familial benign myoclonus epilepsy of adult onset
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- Heredofamilial tremor and epilepsy
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- Symptomatic (secondary) myoclonus (not defined by occurrence of seizures)
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- Progressive myoclonic epilepsy: Unverricht-Lundborg disease (Baltic myoclonus)
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- Storage disease
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- Lafora body disease
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- GM2 gangliosidosis (late infantile, juvenile)
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- Tay-Sachs disease
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- Gaucher disease (noninfantile neuronopathic form)
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- Krabbe leukodystrophy
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- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
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- Sialidosis (types 1 and 2)
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- Spinocerebellar degenerations
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- Progressive myoclonus ataxia (Ramsay-Hunt cerebellar syndrome)
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- Friedreich ataxia
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- Ataxia-telangiectasia
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- Other spinocerebellar degenerations
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- Basal ganglia degenerations
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- Wilson disease
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- Torsion dystonia
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- Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
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- Progressive supranuclear palsy
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- Huntington disease
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- Parkinson disease
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- Multiple system atrophy
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- Corticobasal degeneration
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- Dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy
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- Dementias
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- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
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- Alzheimer disease
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- Dementia with Lewy bodies
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- Frontotemporal dementia
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- Rett syndrome
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- Diffuse infectious/postinfectious/inflammatory disorders
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- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
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- Encephalitis lethargica
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- Arbovirus encephalitis
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- Herpes simplex encephalitis
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- Human T-lymphotropic virus I
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- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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- Postinfectious encephalitis
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- Miscellaneous bacteria (Streptococcus, Clostridium, other)
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- Malaria
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- Syphilis
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- Cryptococcus
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- Lyme disease
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- Paraneoplastic
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- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
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- Metabolic
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- Hyperthyroidism
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- Hepatic failure
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- Renal failure
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- Dialysis syndrome
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- Hyponatremia
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- Hypoglycemia
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- Nonketotic hyperglycemia
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- Multiple carboxylase deficiency
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- Biotin deficiency
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- Hypoxia
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- Metabolic alkalosis
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- Vitamin E deficiency
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- Toxic and drug-induced syndromes
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- Drugs
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- Levodopa
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- Psychiatric medications (eg, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, lithium)
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- Antibiotics (eg, penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones)
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- Narcotics
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- Antiseizure medications (eg, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, phenytoin, pregabalin, valproate)
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- Anesthetics
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- Contrast media
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- Cardiac medications (eg, calcium channel blockers, antiarrhythmic agents)
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- Drug withdrawal from certain agents (eg, sedatives)
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- Toxins
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- Bismuth
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- Heavy metals
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- Methyl bromide
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- Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)
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- Physical encephalopathies (usually static)
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- Posthypoxic (Lance-Adams)
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- Posttraumatic
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- Heat stroke
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- Electric shock
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- Decompression injury
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- Focal nervous system damage
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- Central nervous system
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- Poststroke
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- Postthalamotomy
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- Tumor
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- Trauma
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- Infection
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- Inflammation (eg, multiple sclerosis)
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- Moebius syndrome
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- Developmental
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- Idiopathic
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- Peripheral nervous system
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- Trauma
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- Hematoma
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- Malabsorption
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- Celiac disease
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- Whipple disease
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- Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome
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- Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome
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- Idiopathic
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- Paraneoplastic
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- Infectious
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- Other
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- Exaggerated startle syndrome
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- Hereditary
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- Sporadic
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- Hashimoto encephalopathy
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- Other multiple system degenerations
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- Action myoclonus-renal failure syndrome
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- Mitochondrial disorders
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- Allgrove syndrome
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- DiGeorge syndrome
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- Membranous lipodystrophy
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- Primary progressive myoclonus of aging
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- Unknown
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- Familial
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- Sporadic
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