(A) Supracardiac TAPVC to the LIV. The individual pulmonary veins form an HVC that connects to the LIV by way of a vertical vein.
(B) Cardiac TAPVC to the CS.
(C) Infracardiac TAPVC to the portal vein. The pulmonary veins form a vertical confluence that descends below the diaphragm and typically joins the PV. Pulmonary venous blood then drains into the IVC via the ductus venosus or the hepatic sinusoids. The individual pulmonary veins may join the vertical vein at different levels.
(D) Mixed-type TAPVC. In this example, the LPVs connect to the LIV and the RPVs connect with the CS.
Adapted with permission from: Allen HD, Driscoll DJ, Shaddy RE, Feltes TF. Moss and Adams' Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adolescents: Including the Fetus and Young Adult, 7
th ed, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2008. Copyright © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
www.lww.com.