- Acute neonatal encephalopathy (includes classic hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, both ante- and intrapartum)
- Arterial ischemic stroke
- Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis
- Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- Congenital heart disease
- Vein of Galen malformation
- Giant arteriovenous malformation
- Hypertensive encephalopathy
- Intracranial hemorrhage (subdural subarachnoid, intraventricular, intraparenchymal)
- Trauma (intrapartum and nonaccidental)
- Infections (sepsis, meningitis, encephalitis)
- Transient, simple metabolic disorders
- Intoxication
| - Isolated cerebral dysgenesis (eg, lissencephaly, hemimegalencephaly)
- Cerebral dysgenesis associated with inborn errors of metabolism
- Chronic infection (TORCH [toxoplasmosis, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex] syndromes)
- Neurocutaneous syndromes
- Incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch Sulzberger syndrome)
- Hypomelanosis of Ito
- Sturge-Weber syndrome
- Tuberous sclerosis complex
- Linear sebaceous nevus (epidermal nevus syndrome)
- Specific early-onset epilepsy syndromes
- Self-limited (familial) neonatal epilepsy (SeLNE); "fifth-day fits"
- Self-limited familial neonatal-infantile epilepsy (SeLFNIE)
- Early infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (EIDEE)
- KCNQ2 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (KCNQ2-DEE)
- Pyridoxine-dependent developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (PD-DEE)
- Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate deficiency developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (P5PD-DEE)
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