LV and aortic pressures - two methods

LV and aortic pressures.
(A) Two high fidelity pressure transducers on single catheter across aortic valve. Note normal LV diastolic waveform with early diastolic pressure as lowest point with slow increase in pressure across diastole "a" wave after atrial contraction.
(B) Fluid filled LV catheter and femoral sheath pressures. Note ringing artifact of fluid filled systems. Note overshoot of femoral artery pressure and delay in upstroke from central to peripheral location.