HBV | HCV | HIV | |
Seroprevalance, general population | 0.42 percent (95 percent CI, 0.32-0.55) | 1.8 percent (95 percent CI, 1.5-2.3) | 0.31-0.42 percent |
Seroprevalance in healthcare providers compared to general population | Increased in the past | Similar | Similar |
Viral particles/mL of serum or plasma | 102-108 | 1->106 | 1-107 |
Risk of infection by mode of exposure | |||
Percutaneous | 6-30 percent | 1.8 percent (range, 0-7 percent) | 0.3 percent (95 percent CI, 0.2-0.5) |
Mucosal | Risk not quantified, transmission documented | Risk not quantified, transmission documented | 0.09 percent (95 percent CI, 0.006-0.5) |
Nonintact skin | Risk not quantified, transmission not documented | Risk not quantified, transmission not documented | <0.1 percent, risk not completely quantified |
Human bite | Risk not quantified, transmission documented | Risk not quantified, transmission documented | Risk not quantified, transmission documented |
Infective material leading to HCW infection | |||
Documented | Blood, blood products | Blood, immunoglobulin preparations | Blood, blood products, bloody fluids |
Possible | Semen, vaginal fluid, bloody fluids, saliva | Bloody products, bloody fluids, semen, vaginal fluid | Semen, vaginal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, breast milk, exudates, serosal fluids, amniotic fluid, saliva (during dental exams) |
Unlikely | Urine, feces | Saliva, urine, feces | Saliva, urine, feces |
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