Finding | Mild (3 to 5%) | Moderate (6 to 9%) | Severe (≥10%) |
Pulse | Full, normal rate | Rapid* | Rapid* and weak or absent |
Systolic pressure | Normal | Normal to low | Low |
Respirations | Normal | Deep, rate may be increased | Deep, tachypnea or decreased to absent |
Buccal mucosa | Tacky or slightly dry | Dry | Parched |
Anterior fontanelle | Normal | Sunken | Markedly sunken |
Eyes | Normal | Sunken | Markedly sunken |
Tears (in infants) | Present | Decreased | Absent |
Skin turgor | Normal | Reduced | Tenting |
Skin temperature and appearance | Normal | Cool | Cool, mottled, acrocyanosis |
Urine output | Normal or mildly reduced | Markedly reduced | Anuria |
Systemic signs | Increased thirst | Listlessness, irritability | Grunting, lethargy, coma |
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