Malabsorption of | Clinical features | Laboratory findings |
Calories | Weight loss with normal appetite | |
Fat | Pale and voluminous stool, diarrhea without flatulence, steatorrhea | Fractional fat excretion (% of dietary fat not absorbed) >7% |
Protein | Edema, muscle atrophy, amenorrhea | Hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia |
Carbohydrates | Watery diarrhea, flatulence, acidic stool pH, milk intolerance, stool osmotic gap | Increased breath hydrogen |
Vitamin B12 | Anemia, subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (early symptoms are paresthesias and ataxia associated with loss of vibration and position sense) | Macrocytic anemia, vitamin B12 decreased, serum methylmalonic acid and homocysteine increased |
Folate (Vitamin B9) | Anemia | Macrocytic anemia, serum and RBC folate decreased, serum homocysteine increased |
Vitamin B, general | Cheilosis, painless glossitis, acrodermatitis, angular stomatitis | |
Iron | Microcytic anemia, glossitis, pagophagia | Serum iron, ferritin and iron saturation decreased |
Calcium and vitamin D | Paresthesia, tetany, pathologic fractures due to osteomalacia, positive Chvostek and Trousseau signs | Hypocalcemia, serum alkaline phosphatase increased, abnormal bone densitometry |
Vitamin A | Follicular hyperkeratosis, night blindness | Serum retinol decreased |
Vitamin K | Hematoma, bleeding disorders | Serum vitamin K, vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors decreased |
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