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Typical total body deficits of water and electrolytes in diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state*

Typical total body deficits of water and electrolytes in diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state*
  DKA HHS
Total water (L) 6 9
Water (mL/kg) 100 100 to 200
Na+ (mEq/kg) 7 to 10 5 to 13
Cl– (mEq/kg) 3 to 5 5 to 15
K+ (mEq/kg) 3 to 5 4 to 6
PO4 (mmol/kg) 5 to 7 3 to 7
Mg++ (mEq/kg) 1 to 2 1 to 2
Ca++ (mEq/kg) 1 to 2 1 to 2
Data are from Ennis et al (1994) and Kreisberg (1978).

DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis; HHS: hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state; Na+: sodium; Cl–: chloride; K+: potassium; PO4: phosphate; Mg++: magnesium; Ca++: calcium.

* Fluid and electrolyte deficits vary widely depending on the severity of DKA or HHS. Adequacy of fluid replacement is judged by frequent hemodynamic and laboratory monitoring.

¶ Per kilogram of body weight.
Copyright © 2006 American Diabetes Association From Diabetes Care Vol 29, Issue 12, 2006. Reprinted with permission from the American Diabetes Association.
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