Markers of good prognosis |
Low Rai or Binet clinical stage |
Interstitial or nodular pattern of lymphocyte infiltration in marrow |
Lymphocyte doubling time >12 months |
CD38 negativity |
Mutated immunoglobulin Vh genes |
ZAP-70 negativity (low levels) |
Del 13q14 |
Markers of poor prognosis |
High Rai or Binet stages |
Diffuse pattern of lymphocyte marrow infiltration |
Lymphocyte doubling time <12 months |
CD38 positivity |
Unmutated immunoglobulin Vh genes |
ZAP-70 positivity (high levels) |
Del 11q23 |
17p-/p53 abnormalities |
TP53 dysfunction or increased expression |
Increased levels of TNF-alpha, beta-2 microglobulin, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, LDH, VEGFR-2, CD20, and CD52 |
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