Panic attack (summary of DSM-IV criteria) |
A discrete period of intense fear or discomfort, in which four (or more) of the following symptoms develop abruptly and reach a peak within ten minutes: |
Cardiopulmonary symptoms |
Chest pain or discomfort |
Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering |
Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate |
Neurological symptoms |
Trembling or shaking |
Parasthesias (numbness or tingling sensation) |
Feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed or faint |
Psychiatric symptoms |
Derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself) |
Fear of losing control or going crazy |
Fear of dying |
Autonomic symptoms |
Sweating |
Chills or hot flushes |
Gastrointestinal symptoms |
Feeling of choking |
Nausea or abdominal distress |
Panic disorder (summary of DSM-IV criteria) |
With agoraphobia |
A. Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. |
B. At least one of the attacks has been followed by a month or more of: persistent concern about having additional attacks; worry about the implications of the attack or its consequences; a significant change in behavior related to the attacks. |
C. The presence of agoraphobia, ie, anxiety about being in places or situations in which escape might be difficult (or embarrassing) or in which help might not be available in the event of having a panic attack. |
Without agoraphobia |
A. Both A and B above |
B. Absence of agoraphobia |
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