Always present: |
Two or more brainstem-related aura symptoms (ie, dysarthria, vertigo, tinnitus, hypacusis, diplopia, ataxia, decreased level of consciousness) |
May be present: |
Visual aura characterized by positive features (ie, zigzag lines, flickering light) or negative features (ie, scotoma) |
Sensory aura characterized by positive features (ie, pins and needles) or negative features (ie, numbness) |
Aphasic aura |
Temporal characteristics of aura |
Aura symptoms almost always develop gradually over ≥5 minutes and/or aura symptoms occur in succession over ≥5 minutes |
Duration of individual aura symptom is 5 to 60 minutes |
The aura is accompanied, or followed within 60 minutes, by headache |
Patient characteristics |
Onset occurs before age 50 years |
Most patients with migraine with brainstem aura also have attacks of migraine with typical aura (ie, without brainstem-related symptoms) |
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