Depressant influences of anesthetics/sedatives/analgesics on central respiratory drive, upper airway protective reflexes, and arousal responses |
Intraluminal upper airway narrowing due to post-endotracheal intubation edema, nasal packings, nasal tubes, or hematomas |
Forced supine positioning |
Sleep deprivation |
Intense rapid eye movement (REM) rebound |
Temporary suspension of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy due to pain, anxiety, nausea, restlessness, presence of a nasogastric tube, failure to bring the equipment to the hospital, or lack of planning for postoperative application. |
Rostral fluid shift |
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