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Physiologic changes by stage of hypothermia*

Physiologic changes by stage of hypothermia*
Stage Core temperature Physiologic changes
Mild

32-35°C

(90-95°F)
Shivering
Increased metabolism
Vasoconstriction
Mild tachycardia
Moderate

28-32°C

(82-90°F)
Loss of compensatory shivering
Decreasing metabolism
Decreasing cerebral blood flow
Diuresis
Extravasation of fluids
Hypovolemia
Severe

<28°C

(82°F)
Muscle rigidity without shivering
Loss of thermoregulation
Vasodilation
Decreased HR, SV, CO
Decreased cardiac conduction
Increased cardiac irritability
Slowed nerve conduction
Suspended cerebral activity
HR: heart rate; SV: stroke volume; CO: cardiac output.
* Changes are typical of the stage shown, but may vary in temperature of onset.
Graphic 70617 Version 5.0

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