| Inflammatory | Drugs and toxins |
- Polymyositis
- Dermatomyositis
- Inclusion body myositis
- Juvenile dermatomyositis
- Sarcoidosis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Sjögren's disease
- Antisynthetase syndrome
- Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy
- Vasculitis
- Overlap syndromes – Systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, mixed connective tissue disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's disease
| - Illicit drugs – Cocaine, heroin
- Alcohol
- Glucocorticoids
- Other – Colchicine, antimalarial drugs, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, penicillamine, zidovudine
-
|
| Infections |
- Viral – Influenza, parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV, cytomegalovirus, echovirus, adenovirus, Epstein-Barr virus
- Bacterial – Pyomyositis, Lyme myositis
- Fungal
- Parasitic – Trichinosis, toxoplasmosis
-
|
| Endocrine disorders | Rhabdomyolysis |
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Cushing syndrome (or exogenous steroid administration)
| - Crush trauma
- Metabolic myopathies
- Seizures
- Alcohol abuse, including hyperkinetic state with delirium tremens
- Exertion, especially with environmental heat illness
- Vascular surgery
- Malignant hyperthermia
|
| Electrolyte disorders |
- Hypokalemia
- Hypophosphatemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypernatremia or hyponatremia
|
| Metabolic myopathies | Inherited myopathies |
- Disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
| - Acid maltase deficiency
- Muscular dystrophy
|
