Descriptor | Pathophysiologic mechanism | Disease state |
Chest tightness or constriction | Bronchochonstriction, interstitial edema | Asthma |
Myocardial ischemia | ||
Increased work or effort of breathing | Airways obstruction, neuromuscular disease, reduced chest wall or pulmonary compliance | COPD, moderate to severe asthma, myopathy, pulmonary fibrosis |
Air hunger, need to breathe, urge to breathe | Increased drive to breathe | HF, pulmonary embolism, moderate to severe asthma or COPD |
Rapid, shallow breathing | Reduced chest wall or pulmonary compliance | Interstitial fibrosis |
Suffocating, smothering | Alveolar edema | Pulmonary edema |
Heavy breathing, breathing more | Inadequate oxygen delivery to the muscles | Deconditioning |
Do you want to add Medilib to your home screen?