Lesions outside the vessel wall |
Neurofibromatosis |
Malignancy (tumors, lymph nodes) |
Lesions inside the vessel wall |
Vessel thrombosis |
Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy |
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura |
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome |
Thrombosis secondary to malignancy |
Embolic disease (endocarditis, atrial myxoma) |
Thrombocytopenia of any cause |
Bleeding diatheses |
Vessel spasms |
Raynaud phenomenon |
Drug-induced vasospasm (eg, ergot, cocaine, phenylpropanolamine) |
Abnormal vessels |
Coarctation of the aorta |
Fibromuscular dysplasia |
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