Version October 2024
| Controllable determinants |
| Circadian variation |
| Menstrual variation |
| Seasonal variation |
| Fasting and food intake (serum beta-CTX-1) |
| Exercise and physical activity |
| Determinants that cannot be easily modified |
| Age |
| Sex |
| Menopausal status |
| Vitamin D deficit and secondary hyperparathyroidism |
| Diseases characterized by an acceleration of bone turnover |
| Primary hyperparathyroidism |
| Thyrotoxicosis |
| Acromegaly |
| Paget disease |
| Bone metastases |
| Diseases characterized by a dissociation of bone turnover |
| Cushing disease |
| Multiple myeloma |
| Diseases characterized by a low bone turnover |
| Hypothyroidism |
| Hypoparathyroidism |
| Hypopituitarism |
| Growth hormone deficit |
| Chronic kidney disease (depending on the stage) |
| Recent fracture |
| Chronic diseases associated with limited mobility |
| Stroke |
| Hemiplegia |
| Dementia |
| Alzheimer disease |
| Medications |
| Oral corticosteroids |
| Inhaled corticosteroids (only osteocalcin) |
| Aromatase inhibitors (anti-aromatases) |
| GnRH agonists |
| Antiseizure medications |
| Thiazolidinediones |
| Heparin |
| Vitamin K antagonists |
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