Etiology of balanoposthitis

• Candida albicans^*

Bacterial:

• Escheria coli
• Group B Streptococcus
• Bacteroides species
• Group A Streptococcus^*
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Gardnerella vaginalis^*
• Neiserris gonorrhea^¶
• Chlamydia trachomatis^¶
• Treponema pallidum^¶

Viral:

• Human papillomavirus^*
• Herpes simplex, type 1^*
• Herpes simplex, type 2^¶

Protozoan:

• Trichomonas vaginalis^¶
• Entameba histolytica^*

• Poor hygiene (nonspecific balanoposthitis)
• Soap or other contact irritant

• Fixed drug eruption
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome

• Excessive forceful foreskin retraction in young children
• Friction or entrapment against clothing
• Hair tourniquet (infant)
• Masturbation
• Sexual intercourse
• Zip-fastener injury