History |
Advanced age (>80 years) |
Disability in self-care |
Dementia |
Depression |
History of hip fracture |
History of stroke |
Social isolation |
Poor socioeconomic status |
External family stressors |
Unfavorable caretaker characteristics* |
Indicators of financial exploitation¶ |
Institutional staffing shortages |
Inappropriate or excessive medications; failure to get needed medications; lack of appropriate monitoring of medications and their effects |
Substance abuse |
Physical/mental status examination |
Indicators of sexual abuse: pain, bruises, lacerations, bleeding in anal-genital areas; bruised breasts or abdomen; signs of venereal diseases |
Lacerations (including large skin tears, abrasions, burns, and bruises) without adequate explanation, especially on the trunk or other unusual locations |
Suspicious fractures in sites other than those seen in osteoporotic fractures, ie, wrist, hip, or vertebral body |
Malnutrition |
Focal findings on neurologic examination |
Signs of dehydration |
Pressure ulcers |
Dementia, psychiatric disorders, lack of mental capacity |
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