Immediate or short-term effects | Agent | Potential exposures |
Dermatoses (allergic or irritant) | Metals (chromium, nickel), fibrous glass, epoxy resin, cutting oils, solvents, caustic alkali, soaps | Electroplating, metal cleaning, plastics, machining, leather tanning, housekeeping |
Headache | Carbon monoxide, solvents | Firefighting, automobile exhaust, foundry, wood finishing, dry cleaning |
Behavioral changes | Lead (especially organic), mercury, carbon disulfide, manganese | Handling gasoline, fungicide, wood preserving, viscose rayon industry, mining |
Asthma or dry cough | Formaldehyde, toluene diisocyanate, animal dander, latex, chemical irritants | Textiles, plastics, polyurethane kits, car painting, lacquer use, animal handling, latex glove use |
Pulmonary edema, pneumonitis | Nitrogen oxides, phosgene, halogen gases, cadmium | Welding, farming ("silo filler's disease"), chemical operations, smelting |
Cardiac arrhythmias | Solvents, fluorocarbons, carbon monoxide | Metal cleaning, solvent use, refrigerator maintenance, automobile exhaust |
Angina | Carbon monoxide | Car repair, traffic exhaust, foundry, wood finishing |
Abdominal pain | Lead | Battery making, enameling, smelting, painting, welding, ceramics, plumbing, radiator repair |
Hepatitis (may become a long-term effect) | Halogenated hydrocarbons (eg, carbon tetrachloride), dimethylformanide, viral infection | Solvent use, lacquer use, hospital work, electroplating, plastic manufacturing |
Tendonitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, "repetitive strain disorder" (may become a long-term effect) | Repetitive motions, awkward postures, pinching motions, wrist flexion | Assembly work, keyboarding, data entry, material handling |
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