Uterine factors (hypocontractile uterine activity) |
Older maternal age |
Uterine abnormality |
Maternal obesity |
Neuraxial anesthesia |
Bandl's ring |
Nulliparity |
Tocolytics, uterine relaxants |
Infection |
Pelvic factors |
Pelvic contraction (eg, thin subpubic arch, prominent sacrum) |
Short stature (less than 150 cm [4 feet 11 inches]) |
High station at full dilation |
Fetal factors |
Fetal anomaly resulting in cephalopelvic dystocia |
Non-occiput anterior position |
Large for gestational/macrosomia |
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