Agent | Observed effects | Potentially exposed workers | Preventative measures |
Cytomegalo- virus (CMV) | Birth defects, low birth weight, developmental disorders | Health care workers, workers in contact with infants and children | Good hygienic practices such as handwashing |
Hepatitis B virus | Low birth weight | Health care workers | Vaccination |
Human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) | Low birth weight, childhood cancer | Health care workers | Practice universal precautions |
Human parvovirus B19 | Miscarriage | Health care workers, workers in contact with infants and children | Good hygienic practices such as handwashing |
Rubella (German measles) | Birth defects, low birth weight | Health care workers, workers in contact with infants and children | Vaccination before pregnancy if no prior immunity |
Toxoplasmosis | Miscarriage, birth defects, developmental disorders | Animal care workers, veterinarians | Good hygiene practices such as handwashing |
Varicella-zoster virus (chicken pox) | Birth defects, low birth weight | Health care workers, workers in contact with infants and children | Vaccination before pregnancy if no prior immunity |
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