Version October 2024
| Normal rotation at birth |
| Hips: Externally rotated 40° |
| Tibia: Internally rotated |
| Feet: Internally rotated |
| Developmental changes |
| Tibial torsion |
| Birth: Thigh-foot angle -5° (internal) |
| Maturity: Thigh-foot angle 15° (external) |
| Femoral anteversion |
| Birth: 40° |
| Maturity: 8 to 14° |
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