Level of Lesion | Neurologic findings | ||
Motor* | Sensory level | Reflex* | |
Cervical | |||
C2 | Facial muscles, apneic | Occiput | No upper or lower extremity reflex |
C3 | Facial muscles, apneic | Thyroid cartilage | No upper or lower extremity reflex |
C4 | Spontaneous breathing | Suprasternal notch | No upper or lower extremity reflex |
Posterior neck | |||
C5 | Shrugging and external rotation of shoulders | Below clavicle | Biceps present, remainder absent |
Middle deltoid | |||
C6 | Elbow flexion Wrist extension | Thumb | Biceps and brachioradialis present, remainder absent |
C7 | Elbow extension | Index and middle fingers | Triceps and above present, remainder absent |
Wrist flexion | |||
C8 | Finger flexion | Small finger and ulnar side of hand | Triceps and above present, remainder absent |
Thoracic | |||
T1 - T12 | Intercostal and abdominal muscles | Upper extremity present, lower extremity absent | |
T4 | Nipple line | Upper extremity present, lower extremity absent | |
T10 | Umbilicus | Upper extremity present, lower extremity absent | |
Lumbar | |||
L1 | Intercostal and abdominal muscles | Femoral pulse | Upper extremity present, lower extremity absent |
L1 - L2 | Hip flexion | Upper extremity present, lower extremity absent | |
L2 - L3 | Hip flexion | Medial thigh | Upper extremity present, lower extremity absent |
L3 | Hip adduction | Upper extremity present, lower extremity absent | |
L4 | Hip abduction | Knee | Patellar present, Achilles absent |
L5 | Foot dorsiflexion | Lateral calf | Patellar present, Achilles absent |
Sacral | |||
S1 | Foot dorsiflexion | Lateral foot | Achilles and above present |
S1 - S2 | Foot plantar flexion | Achilles and above present | |
S2 - S4 | Rectal sphincter tone | Perianal region | Achilles and above present |
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