Tissue preparation | Studies |
Intraoperative samples | Frozen tissue with cryopreservative |
Cytological, touch preparations, scrape and squash imprints for histologic diagnosis and FISH | |
Formalin-fixed tissue | Routine histopathology |
Immunohistochemical staining | |
RT-PCR | |
FISH for cytogenetics (tissue sections) | |
Glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue | Electron microscopy |
Fresh tissue (tissue culture media) | Cytogenetics |
Molecular studies (FISH, RT-PCR for translocations) | |
Tissue culture | |
Fresh tissue | Flow cytometry (DNA ploidy, cell surface markers) |
Frozen tissue (no cryopreservative) | Molecular studies, gene rearrangement (FISH, RT-PCR), immunocytochemistry, microarray gene analysis, next-generation sequencing, precision medicine for tumor gene fusion and gene mutation panels |
Alcohol-fixed tissue | Immunocytochemistry (if required improved cytoplasmic preservation) |
Microarray gene analysis | |
Cytologic imprinting for FISH studies |
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