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Drug- and toxin-induced ocular abnormalities

Drug- and toxin-induced ocular abnormalities
Mydriasis (dilated pupils) Miosis (constricted pupils) Nystagmus
  • Sympathomimetics
    • Cocaine
    • Caffeine
    • Ephedrine
    • Amphetamines
    • Methylphenidate
    • Cathinones
  • Anticholinergics
    • Atropine
    • Scopolamine
    • Antihistamines
    • Antiparkinson agents
    • Cyclobenzaprine
    • Antispasmodics
    • Phenothiazines (some)
    • Plants (with belladonna alkaloids)
  • Hallucinogens
    • LSD
    • Mescaline
    • Psilocybin
    • Tryptamines (eg, 2C-B, 25I-NBOMe)
  • Miscellaneous
    • Glutethimide
    • MAOIs
    • Nicotine (later phase of poisoning)
    • Synthetic cannabinoids
    • Meperidine
  • Withdrawal states from sedative agents
  • Opioids
    • Heroin
    • Morphine
    • Fentanyl
    • Hydromorphone
    • Oxycodone
    • Hydrocodone
    • Codeine
  • Cholinergics
    • Organophosphate insecticides and nerve agents*
    • Carbamate insecticides
    • Pilocarpine
    • Edrophonium
    • Physostigmine, rivastigmine
  • Sympatholytics
    • Clonidine
    • Oxymetazoline
    • Tetrahydrazoline
    • Olanzapine
  • Miscellaneous
    • Valproic acid
    • Nicotine (early phase of poisoning)
  • Barbiturates
  • Carbamazepine
  • Oxcarbazepine
  • Phencyclidine
  • Phenytoin
  • Lithium
  • Ethanol
  • Toxic alcohols
  • Organophosphates
  • Strychnine
  • Ketamine
  • Methoxetamine
This table provides eye findings associated with poisoning by a variety of agents. Sedative hypnotic agents such as barbiturates, benzodiazepines, zolpidem and related medications, and (when causing deep coma) alcohols may cause either constricted or dilated pupils.

LSD: lysergic acid diethylamide; MAOIs: monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

* Examples of chemical nerve agents include tabun [GA], sarin [GB], soman [GD], VX, and Novichok.
Graphic 61723 Version 10.0

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