Physiologic tics |
Mannerisms |
Pathologic tics |
Primary |
Sporadic |
Transient motor or phonic tics (<1 year) |
Chronic motor or phonic tics (>1 year) |
Adult-onset (recurrent) tics |
Tourette syndrome |
Secondary ("Tourettism") |
Inherited |
Huntington disease |
Neuroacanthocytosis |
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation |
Tuberous sclerosis |
Wilson disease |
Infections: Encephalitis, Sydenham chorea |
Drugs: Stimulants, levodopa, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, antipsychotics (tardive tics) |
Toxins: Carbon monoxide |
Developmental: Static encephalopathy, intellectual disability, chromosomal abnormalities |
Other: Head trauma, stroke, neurocutaneous syndromes, schizophrenia, neurodegenerative disorders |
Related disorders |
Stereotypies |
Self-injurious behaviors |
Hyperactivity syndrome |
Compulsions |
Excessive startle |
Jumping Frenchman, Latah, Myriachit |
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