Pathogenesis of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke

PHACES: Posterior fossa brain malformations, Hemangiomas, Arterial anomalies, Cardiac anomalies/coarctation of the aorta, Eye abnormalities/endocrine abnormalities, Sternal cleft, supraumbilical raphe, or both; DIC: disseminated intravascular coagulation; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; PFO: patent foramen ovale.